Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), is a mental disorder characterized by an excessive preoccupation with real or imagined defects in one’s appearance. People with the disorder often perceive these “defects” as much more noticeable and problematic than they actually are, which can lead to significant distress and disruption in daily functioning.
Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Focus on physical defects – this can affect any part of the body, most commonly the skin, hair, nose, teeth or figure.
Avoiding social contact – resulting from fear of being judged by others.
Frequent comparisons with others – leads to negative self-evaluations.
Excessive use of mirrors or avoidance of them – depending on the person’s reaction to their own appearance.
Seeking cosmetic procedures – individuals may often opt for surgical or dermatological procedures, which usually do not provide relief from the perceived problem.
Emotional problems – including anxiety, depression and low self-esteem.
Causes of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Environmental influences – social pressure, a culture that promotes ideals of beauty, and negative childhood experiences such as bullying or criticism.
Biological factors – neurotransmitter imbalances, especially serotonin.
Genetic factors – higher risk in people with a family history of OCD or depression.
Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – helps change negative patterns of thinking and behavior.
Pharmacotherapy – SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can be effective in relieving symptoms.
Education and support – support from family and friends and understanding the nature of the disorder are key.